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In 2024, New York deployed the National Guard to patrol subways - photo courtesy of Flickr via Creative Commons |
by Gregory Saville
Comparing crime between cities is always a challenge. Crime rates, cultures, and demographics vary widely. This is especially the case with different transit systems where light rail station designs and social environments differ.
With these caveats in mind, looking at the safety strategies in the public transit systems of Portland’s TriMet and Calgary Transit provides a unique opportunity to explore how transit security evolves and how Calgary (and other cities) might learn from a unique program in Portland: the Safety Response Team (SRT).
(Editorial Rant: I am mindful of the recent US/Canada tariff war. I have my own opinions on that fiasco that will remain out of this blog. But now, perhaps more than ever, it is important to acknowledge how different cities can share important lessons from each other to make places safer for all our citizens! Rant done!)
Different Cities, Different Systems
I have seen security footage of recent violent incidents on both the Calgary and Portland light rail systems. Clearly, neither system is immune from crime, even though overall rates of violence on public transit, compared to other areas in the city, are exceedingly low.
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Calgary Transit light rail - photo Greenwood714, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons |
I have also spent time on both transit systems, having taught SafeGrowth in both cities. I love spending time in both cities!
Calgary and Portland are distinct in many ways. Calgary’s metropolitan area has about 1.4 million residents, while Portland’s metro population is closer to 2.5 million. Portland’s TriMet system covers 59 miles of light rail with 149 stations, compared to Calgary’s CTrain, which spans 27 miles with 42 stations. Calgary Transit moves about 106 million riders annually, whereas TriMet serves 67 million riders.
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Portland's TriMet light rail Tilikum Crossing Photo Steve Morgan, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons |
Portland also has a higher murder rate than Calgary (and more handguns in the US). Other types of crime rates, however, are not so different and since last year Calgary has seen an increase in the proportion of gun-related homicides.
Calgary Transit employs about 140 peace officers, giving it a ratio of 3.11 officers per station. TriMet’s system, by contrast, has a much lower security/police officer-to-station ratio—approximately 1.06 per station (Portland uses a combination of security officers and law enforcement officers who respond when called).
Despite these differences, Portland’s Safety Response Team (SRT) represents an innovation that Calgary could benefit from, even within its own distinct system.
The Portland SRT: A Social Response to Transit Safety
As we learned from Beth Dufek’s three-part blogs on TriMet’s SRT - the Safety Response Team (November 2023, January 2024, and March, 2024), it was a response to increasing safety concerns on the system. Rather than focusing purely on enforcement, SRT members take a different approach: they are unarmed, patrol in teams of 4, trained in conflict resolution and first aid skills. They use a Smartsheet on their phones to carefully track all interactions (in 2023, SRT had 11,354 interactions and provided 8,022 people with services).
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TriMet's SRT group - January 2023 Photo courtesy of TriMet |
They discourage inappropriate and illegal behavior through engagement and, where possible, not enforcement. They also conduct social service outreach, providing referrals for housing, mental health support, and addiction treatment. The team even carries Narcan to intervene in opioid overdoses.
This program has gained national recognition. In 2023, the American Public Transportation Association awarded TriMet its highest honor for security and safety innovations, largely due to the impact of the SRT.
In contrast, Calgary Transit relies more on traditional enforcement. Its peace officers are sworn officers who can issue fines, make arrests, and carry batons and handcuffs. While effective in crime deterrence, this approach does not inherently offer a similar social service outreach that the SRT offers. Calgary does have an “ambassador program” with transit employees who help customers with route information and inquiries, but that is a far cry from the SRT.
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Conducting safety audits of a TriMet station in Portland during SafeGrowth training |
SafeGrowth and the Future of Transit Safety
Over the past few years, we conducted SafeGrowth Training with TriMet’s security team and the SRT. By applying SafeGrowth principles, the TriMet security team, along with their SRT, is equipped to create safer transit spaces not just through security, but through 1st and 2nd Generation CPTED, proactive engagement, and problem-solving.
Calgary Transit has taken steps to address safety, including increasing peace officers by 25% in 2023 and deploying security guards at select stations. However, the question remains: could a model like the SRT, rooted in social outreach and engagement, provide an additional layer of safety beyond enforcement? Given that nearly half of Calgarians still avoid transit due to safety concerns, it may be time to explore such an approach.
Moving Forward
The challenges of transit safety won’t be solved by enforcement alone. Transit systems across Canada and the US face challenges from declining ridership, public fears, and crime. For example, last year, New York deployed 1,000 National Guard troops on the subway system in response to some high-profile crimes and increasing fears. This was despite questions about their ill-preparedness for policing tasks and public concerns that, instead of feeling reassured, some citizens feel more uncomfortable about soldiers with machine guns on subway platforms.
Portland at night - SafeGrowth training with public transportation |
There are better ways forward. Portland’s TriMet SRT offers a glimpse into what a different model can look like—one that combines security with social outreach.
Calgary Transit has made strides in bolstering its security presence, but adding a program similar to the SRT could help address safety concerns in a way that enforcement alone cannot. As transit agencies worldwide explore new models of safety, it may be time for Calgary and other cities to take a closer look at what’s working in Portland.